As a professional, it`s important to understand the complexities of contract law and how it can affect third-party individuals. Generally speaking, only individuals who are a party to a contract have legal rights and obligations under that agreement. However, there are some exceptions where a stranger to a contract can sue a third party.

One of the most common exceptions is when a third party is a beneficiary of the contract. In some cases, a contract may be designed to provide specific benefits to individuals who are not directly involved in the agreement. For example, a company may enter into a contract with a supplier to provide goods or services. If a third party, such as a customer, benefits from the supplier`s performance, the customer may have a legal right to enforce the terms of the contract.

Another exception is when a third party is injured as a result of a breach of contract. For example, if a construction company is hired to build a bridge and the bridge collapses due to the negligence of the contractor, a third party, such as a driver on the bridge at the time, may be able to sue the construction company for damages.

Additionally, some states have specific laws that allow certain third parties to enforce contracts. For example, in some states, a landlord may be able to enforce a lease agreement against a subtenant or assignee of the original tenant.

It`s important to note that these exceptions are not universal and may vary depending on the jurisdiction and specific circumstances of the contract. As a professional, it`s important to accurately and clearly convey this information to readers.

In conclusion, while typically only parties to a contract have legal rights and obligations under that agreement, there are exceptions where a third party can sue. These include situations where the third party is a beneficiary of the contract, is injured as a result of a breach, or where specific state laws allow for third-party enforcement. Understanding these exceptions is crucial for anyone involved in contract law and can help ensure fair and just outcomes for all parties involved.